Even if each clause is interpreted separately, it is questionable whether the unspoken „extrinsic“ clauses of this type can be excluded by a full contractual clause that contains only a general exclusion from the implied terms.9 [optional] Nothing in this clause limits or excludes liability in the event of fraud. In summary, the parties should ensure that they are informed in advance of what was included prior to its execution and that it has been excluded from the contract. As we have seen, it is often necessary to include additional clauses in the contract in order to exclude unspoken clauses or pre-contract assurances or to include certain pre-contract agreements. Otherwise, a simple misunderstanding could lead to costly litigation. In contract law, an integration clause, a merger clause (sometimes called a complete contractual clause, particularly in the United Kingdom) [1] is a clause in a written contract that makes the contract a complete and final agreement between the parties. It is often placed at the end or towards the end of the contract. Pre-contract documents that the parties wish to include in the contract must be collected with him or explicitly mentioned in the contract documentation. The first point is that a full clause of the contract does not work in such a way as to exclude the implication of a term if it is silent on unspoken clauses; Clear words are generally necessary when the clause excludes unspoken clauses.5 If existing contracts exist and must remain in force at the time of the new agreement, their use can be very dangerous. The concepts of type that are implied in Hipwell on the basis of commercial efficiency have been described as „intrinsic“ to the written agreement, in the sense that they are part of the contract itself. Therefore, the fundamental position of these implicit terms „intrinsic“ is that they cannot be excluded by a full agreement clause, even if they contain formulations that purport to exclude unspoken clauses in general.6 Recent jurisprudence has shown that it is important to carefully consider the effect of whole contractual clauses when incorporated into commercial contracts. In particular, if a party wishes to exclude liability for pre-contract insurance, the contract must expressly exclude this liability, although liability for fraudulent pre-contract insurance can never be excluded. The long series of cases on whole contractual clauses shows that complete contractual clauses: full contractual clauses offer the contracting parties considerable comfort, that they are held responsible only for the written terms of the contract and not.

B, for example, for pre-contract statements or so-called assurances. However, in practice, the existence of a full contractual clause in the contract will not necessarily prevent a party from asserting a right that exceeds the „four walls“ of the written contract. 2. Each party acknowledges that it does not rely, for the conclusion of this agreement, on an insurance or guarantee (innocent or negligent) that is not specified in this agreement and that it has no corrective action in this regard.